What is floppy infant syndrome or hypotonia?
Floppy infant, also known as hypotonia, refers to reduced muscle tone. If a baby is diagnosed with hypotonia, it can be described as developing a loose sensation in the arms. Typically, doctors can confirm hypotonia in the initial minutes/stages of life.
It’s unclear why floppy infant syndrome occurs, but benign congenital hypotonia can occur for several reasons related to the following:
- Damage to the brain is due to insufficient oxygen received before and after birth.
- Issues with the development of the brain whilst still in the womb.
- Conditions that impact the nerves.
- Spinal cord injuries.
- Infections
- Cerebral palsy.
What are the typical signs of a floppy infant?
- Poor/limited movement of the neck muscles
- Limpness, especially when elevating the arms
- Straight hanging arms and legs
- On rare occasions, the baby may have difficulty swallowing and sucking
- Highly flexible, double-jointed limbs
In severe hypotonia cases, the baby's muscles may be too weak. As a result, the baby will have trouble sitting up for long periods, chewing and experiencing regular bowel movements.
How do you treat floppy infant syndrome?
After finding out the reason for hypotonia, Dr Ngcingwana will do her best to resolve the underlying cause of the condition.
Therapies aim to increase muscle strength and enhance coordination through the following means:
- Sensory stimulation assists young children with basic stimulations such as taste, smell, hearing, touch, sound and sight.
- Occupational therapy aims to enhance fine motor skills for everyday/daily tasks.
- Physical therapy helps you regain control of critical movements and improves muscle tone and strength.
- Speech/language therapy assists with essential functions such as swallowing, breathing and speaking.
A child diagnosed with hypotonia may not necessarily undergo therapy but will need to see a specialist for a condition like joint dislocation. In the event of trouble feeding when the baby cannot suck or chew due to low muscle tone, doctors will recommend a feeding tube to help the baby receive adequate nutrition.
Frequently asked questions
How long does it take for the baby to feel better after treatment?
The baby’s muscle tone may improve within a few days after successful treatment.
What is life like for a baby with hypotonia?
The prognosis differs based on the underlying diagnosis. Although hypotonia is a long-term condition, symptoms can improve with a successful treatment plan put in place.
When should I see my doctor if I suspect my child may be suffering from hypotonia?
If you notice your baby's muscle tone is rapidly declining or the baby's muscles are weaker than normal, you should see your child's doctor immediately.
