What are neurobehavioural disorders in children?

Neurobehavioural disorders refer to a group of diagnoses linked to behavioural challenges that occur due to a brain disease, including acquired and traumatic brain injuries. These behavioural issues occur due to cognitive disorders such as trauma, neuro-oncological conditions and stroke.

The types of neurobehavioural disorders include the following:

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): ADHD is a prevalent neurobehavioural condition that occurs during childhood. Usually, this condition is diagnosed during childhood and persists right into adulthood. Often, children who suffer from ADHD cannot pay attention fully, act irrationally without thinking of the consequences and become hyperactive.
• Autism: Autism refers to a collection of conditions that affect the functioning of the brain. As a result, autism affects our understanding of the world and the surrounding environment. Therefore, autism affects sensory processing, communication and social interaction.

What are the signs of neurobehavioural disorders?

High-functioning autism presents with the following symptoms:

• Difficulty with social interaction: Finding it hard to relate to others.
• Repetitive behaviour: Those diagnosed with high-functioning autism engage in repetitive movements.
• Increased sensitivity: Those with heightened sensitivity have trouble processing sensory information.
• Differences in communication: Those with autism may have refined language skills but still struggle to communicate effectively.

ADHD presents with the following:

• Being unable to remain or sit still.
• Difficulty concentrating.
• Increased physical activity.
• Talking excessively.
• Acting impulsively.

How do you treat neurobehavioural disorders?

Treatment for neurobehavioural disorders consists of the following:

• Rehabilitation focuses on special education and utilises a multidisciplinary team of specialists such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech and language specialists, teachers, and behavioural specialists.
• Lifestyle modifications help minimise the severity of specific conditions.
• Physiotherapy alleviates discomfort and restores physical, mental and cognitive function.
• Prescribed medications are taken to restore normal body functioning and prevent the progression of certain conditions.

Dr Ngcingwana will formulate a comprehensive treatment plan based on how early the disorder is recognised and the desire to seek prompt treatment.